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نوامبر 9, 2020
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ژانویه 6, 2021
حبس تعزیری چیست؟ و چه جرایمی حبس تعزیری می گیرند؟
جرایم تعزیری در قانون جایگاه خاصی دارد و تعداد زیادی از جرم وجود دارد که مجازات آن ها حبس تعزیری می باشد.
اگر با روندهای دادرسی و دادگاهی آشنا باشید حتما با این نوع جرم هم آشنایی دارید.
ولی از آنجا که بسیاری از ما تا به حال به دادگاه نرفته ایم با این جرایم و نحوه اعمال و اجرای آن آشنا نیستیم.
در این نوشته مشاوره حقوقی این موضوع را با همدیگر بررسی می کنیم
که چه جرایمی تعزیری هستند؟ و حبس تعزیری می گیرند؟
جرایم تعزیری چیست؟
بر اساس ماده ۱۴ قانون مجازات اسلامی مجازات های مقرر در این قانون چهار قسم است:
الف- حد؛
ب- قصاص؛
پ- دیه؛
ت- تعزیر.
تبصره: چنانچه رابطه علیت بین رفتار شخص حقوقی و خسارت وارد شده احراز شود دیه و خسارت، قابل مطالبه خواهد بود.
اعمال مجازات تعزیری بر اشخاص حقوقی مطابق ماده (۲۰) خواهد بود.
اما این جرایم در ماده ۱۸ قانون مجازات اسلامی به صورت زیر تعریف شده است:
تعزیر مجازاتی است که مشمول عنوان حد، قصاص یا دیه نیست
و به موجب قانون در موارد ارتکاب محرمات شرعـی یا نقض مقررات حکومتی تعیین و اعمال می گردد.
نوع، مقدار، کیفیت اجراء و مقررات مربوط به تخفیف، تعلیق، سقوط و سایر احکام تعزیر به موجب قانون تعیین می شود.
دادگاه در صدور حکم تعزیری، با رعایت مقررات قانونی، موارد زیر را مورد توجه قرار می دهد:
الف- انگیزه مرتکب و وضعیت ذهنی و روانی وی حین ارتکاب جرم؛
ب- شیوه ارتکاب جرم، گستره نقض وظیفه و نتایج زیانبار آن؛
پ- اقدامات مرتکب پس از ارتکاب جرم؛
ت- سوابق و وضعیت فردی، خانوادگی و اجتماعی مرتکب و تاثیر تعزیر بر وی.
تفاوت بین جرایم تعزیری و سایر مجازات ها
همانطور که بیان شد، تعریز مجازاتی است که حد، قصاص یا دیه نیست.
پس اول باید مجازات هایی که مطرح شده اند را با بررسی کنیم تا بتوانیم جرایم تعزیراتی را توضیح دهیم:
قصاص چیست؟
بر اساس ماده ۱۶ قانون مجازات اسلامی
قصاص مجازات اصلی جنایات عمدی بر نفس، اعضاء و منافع است که به شرح مندرج در کتاب سوم این قانون اعمال می شود.
دیه چیست؟
بر اساس ماده ۱۷ قانون مجازات اسلامی
دیه اعم از مقدر و غیرمقدر، مالی است که در شرع مقدس برای ایراد جنایت غیرعمدی بر نفس، اعضاء و منافع
و یا جنایت عمدی در مواردی که به هر جهتی قصاص ندارد به موجب قانون مقرر می شود.
حد چیست؟
بر اساس ماده ۱۵ قانون مجازات اسلامی
حد مجازاتی است که موجب، نوع، میزان و کیفیت اجرای آن در شرع مقدس، تعیین شده است.
البته دیه ارش را می توانیم نوعی از حرایم تعزیری بدانیم.
بیشتر بخوانید: فرق دیه و ارش
حال می توانیم تفاوت بین جرایم تعزیری و غیر تعزیری را بیان کنیم:
جرایم غیرتعزیری دارای مجارات مشخصی هستند و مجازات های تعزیری نباید از مقدار مجازات های غیرتعزیری بیشتر باشد.
جرایم غیر تعریضی برای همه یکسان هستند
مثلا مجازات قتل عمد، قصاص است.
اما جرایم تعزیری دارای حداقل و حداکثری هستند و قانونگذار آن را به 8 درجه تقسیم می شوند.
درجه بندی مجازات تعزیری
بر اساس ماده ۱۹ قانون مجازات اسلامی،مجازات های تعزیری به هشت درجه تقسیم می‌شود:
درجه ۱
- حبس بیش از بیست و پنج سال؛
- جزای نقدی بیش از یک میلیارد (۱.۰۰۰.۰۰۰.۰۰۰) ریال؛
- مصادره کل اموال؛
- انحلال شخص حقوقی.
درجه ۲
- حبس بیش از پانزده تا بیست و پنج سال؛
- جزای نقدی بیش از پانصد و پنجاه میلیون (۵۵۰.۰۰۰.۰۰۰) ریال تا یک میلیارد (۱.۰۰۰.۰۰۰.۰۰۰) ریال.
درجه ۳
- حبس بیش از ده تا پانزده سال؛
- جزای نقدی بیش از سیصد و شصت میلیون (۳۶۰.۰۰۰.۰۰۰) ریال تا پانصد وپنجاه میلیون (۵۵۰.۰۰۰.۰۰۰)ریال.
درجه ۴
- حبس بیش از پنج تا ده سال؛
- جزای نقدی بیش از یکصد و هشتاد میلیون(۱۸۰.۰۰۰.۰۰۰)ریال تا سیصد و شصت میلیون (۳۶۰.۰۰۰.۰۰۰) ریال؛
- انفصال دائم از خدمات دولتی و عمومی.
درجه ۵
- حبس بیش از دو تا پنج سال؛
- جزای نقدی بیش از هشتاد میلیون (۸۰.۰۰۰.۰۰۰) ریال تا یکصد و هشتاد میلیون (۱۸۰.۰۰۰.۰۰۰) ریال؛
- محرومیت از حقوق اجتماعی بیش از پنج تا پانزده سال؛
- ممنوعیت دائم از یک یا چند فعالیت شغلی یا اجتماعی برای اشخاص حقوقی؛
- ممنوعیت دائم از دعوت عمومی برای افزایش سرمایه برای اشخاص حقوقی.
درجه ۶
- حبس بیش از شش ماه تا دو سال؛
- جزای نقدی بیش از بیست میلیون (۲۰.۰۰۰.۰۰۰) ریال تا هشتاد میلیون (۸۰.۰۰۰.۰۰۰) ریال؛
- شلاق از سی و یک تا هفتاد و چهار ضربه و تا نود و نه ضربه در جرائم منافی عفت؛
- محرومیت از حقوق اجتماعی بیش از شش ماه تا پنج سال؛
- انتشار حکم قطعی در رسانه ها؛
- ممنوعیت از یک یا چند فعالیت شغلی یا اجتماعی برای اشخاص حقوقی حداکثر تا مدت پنج سال؛
- ممنوعیت از دعوت عمومی برای افزایش سرمایه برای اشخاص حقوقی حداکثر تا مدت پنج سال؛
- ممنوعیت از اصدار برخی از اسناد تجاری توسط اشخاص حقوقی حداکثر تا مدت پنج سال.
درجه ۷
- حبس از نود و یک روز تا شش ماه؛
- جزای نقدی بیش از ده میلیون (۱۰.۰۰۰.۰۰۰) ریال تا بیست میلیون (۲۰.۰۰۰.۰۰۰) ریال؛
- شلاق از یازده تا سی ضربه؛
- محرومیت از حقوق اجتماعی تا شش ماه.
درجه ٨
- حبس تا سه ماه؛
- جزای نقدی تا ده میلیون (۱۰.۰۰۰.۰۰۰) ریال؛
- شلاق تا ده ضربه.
تبصره ۱: موارد محرومیت از حقوق اجتماعی همان است که در مجازات های تبعی ذکر شده است.
تبصره ۲: مجازاتی که حداقل آن منطبق بر یکی از درجات فوق و حداکثر آن منطبق با درجه بالاتر باشد، از درجه بالاتر محسوب می شود.
تبصره ۳: در صورت تعدد مجازات ها، مجازات شدیدتر و در صورت عدم امکان تشخیص مجازات شدیدتر، مجازات حبس ملاک است.
همچنین اگر مجازاتی با هیچ یک از بندهای هشتگانه این ماده مطابقت نداشته باشد مجازات درجه هفت محسوب می شود.
تبصره ۴: مقررات این ماده و تبصره های آن تنها جهت تعیین درجه مجازات است
و تاثیری در میزان حداقل و حداکثر مجازات های مقرر در قوانین جاری ندارد.
تبصره ۵: ضبط اشیاء و اموالی که در ارتکاب جرم به کار رفته یا مقصود از آن به کارگیری در ارتکاب جرم بوده است
از شمول این ماده و بند (ب) ماده(۲۰) خارج و در مورد آن ها برابر ماده(۲۱۵) این قانون عمل خواهد شد..
در هر مورد که حکم به مصادره اموال صادر می شود باید هزینه های متعارف زندگی محکوم و افراد تحت تکفل او مستثنی شود.
وب سایت مشاوره حقوقی ارائه دهنده خدمات :
تماس با موسسه : 8813788 021
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