بروز رسانی 1401/03/16
تهمت و افترا : افترا عبارت است از اینکه فردی جرمی را به دیگری نسبت دهد بدون آنکه قادر به اثبات آن باشد.
وقتی شاکی یا نسبت دهنده ی جرم موضوع واهی از پیش خود ساخته را که اساسا و درحقیقت آن واقعه رخ نداده است ،
از روی عمد به دروغ و برای زیان دیگری و یاعلم و اطلاع به کذب بودن آن همچنین باسوء نیت خاص به دیگری نسبت دهد مفتری محسوب می شود.
برای مثال ممکن است اتومبیل شاکی سرقت نشده باشد یا اصلا اتومبیلی نداشته باشد اما وی جرم سرقت مذکور را به دیگری نسبت دهد شکایت او مردود اعلام می شود
و در این مورداین شخص مفتری محسوب و قابل تعقیب کیفری است.
اگرکسی از روی ناراحتی و عصبانیت به دیگری بگویددزد یا کلاهبردار موضوع توهین است نه افترا . افترا یا فعلی است یا قولی.
نسبت دادن جرمی به دیگران به صورت لفظی یا از طریق رسانه یا اوراق چاپی یا نطق در جامعه است.
افترا فعلی نیز مفتری به قصد متهم کردن شخص آلات و ادوات جرم را در :
منزل / جیب / یامحل کار شخص
قرار میدهد به گونه ای که این وسایل تعقیب جزایی شخص را منجر شود.
جرم افترا باید منتشرشود. نگهداری مدارکیکه برعلیه شخص است در نزد خود وعدم انتشار باعث مجرم تلقی شدن نمی شود.
عملی که به شخص نسبت داده می شود باید طبق قوانین حدود،قصاص،دیات وتعزیرات جرم تلقی شود.
وبسایت مشاوره حقوقی در ادامه توضیح میدهد :
شخص مفتری نباید تحت تاثیرمشروبات الکلی و بیهوشی و یا… باشد.
ماده697 و699 قانون مجازات اسلامی درافترای قولی به جز در موردتهمت های ناموسی که موجب حد است
مفتری ازیک ماه تایک سال یا74ضربه شلاق پیش بینی کرده است .
کیفر افترای فعلی فعلی نیز حبس از 6 ماه تا 3 سال یا74 ضربه شلاق است.
وبسایت مشاورحقوقی به شما پیشنهاد میکند از مقاله : استراق سمع ( جاسوسی ) نیز بهره مند شوید .
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